四川省是国家确定的节能发电调度五个试点省之一。水电调度在节能发电调度中具有重要作用。四川省水电资源丰富,大小河流700余条。目前四川电网水电装机占系统总装机的70%,随着水电开发的推进,水电比重会不断增加,而且已经和将要形成若干个流域梯级水电站群。在这些流域梯级水电站群中,有些河流是由单一开发主体开发,而有些河流特别是一些大中型河流,往往由多个开发主体开发,且电站装机规模大、具有多个并网接入点,如何协调上下游梯级水电站的水利电力联系,协调发电与水库综合利用的矛盾,协调不同开发主体的利益关系,有效推行和实施流域梯级水电节能发电调度,需要按照科学发展观的要求,建立适应于社会主义市场经济的流域梯级电站调度管理体制和机制。因此,针对四川流域水电开发实际,研究和探讨节能调度政策下流域梯级电站调度管理模式,对于充分利用流域水力资源,多发优质清洁可再生能源,减少化石能源消耗和污染物排放,改善生态环境,具有十分重要的意义。
Sichuan Province is one of the energy-saving generation dispatching trial points determined by the state. Hydropower dispatching plays an important role in energy-saving generation dispatching. Sichuan Province is rich in hydropower resource, with over 700 rivers. Presently, the installed capacity of Sichuan Grid accounts for 70% of the total installed capacity of the system. With promotion of hydropower development, hydropower will account for higher and higher proportion and several cascade hydropower station groups have been and are to be formed. Among them, some rivers are developed by a single body while some and especially some medium and large rivers are developed by multiple bodies and the power stations have large installed capacity and multiple access points. Thus, it needs to further open the mind, shift the view, innovate and establish proper management systems suitable for socialist market-oriented economy for dispatching of cascade hydropower stations in drainage areas so as to coordinate relationship between the cascade hydropower stations in upper and lower streams, solve the conflict between generation and comprehensive utilization of the reservoirs, coordinate the benefit of different development bodies as well as effectively promote and implement dispatching of cascade hydropower stations in drainage areas. Thus, it is full of meaning to study and discuss management mode of dispatching of cascade hydropower stations in drainage areas according to actual situation of Sichuan Province for fully utilizing water resource in drainage areas, generating more high quality and clean renewable energy, reducing consumption of fossil energy and emission of pollutants as well as improving ecological environment.
1 开展的活动
Activities Developed
完成了我国梯级水电开发及发电调度管理现状调查,调查走访了国内流域梯级水电开发公司,包括三峡、乌江、黄河上游、大渡河、二滩水电公司,与这些水电公司的管理人员和技术人员进行了座谈讨论,分析了流域梯级水电联合调度的必要性和可行性,提出了流域梯级水电调度的管理模式。
We have invested China's cascade hydropower development and generation dispatching management status and visited domestic hydropower development companies, including the Three Gorges, Wujiang River and the upper stream of the Yellow River, Ertan Hydropower Company and so on. We have discussed with the managers and technicians of these companies for analyzing necessity and feasibility of joint dispatching of cascade hydropower and proposing management mode of dispatching of cascade hydropower.
(1)流域梯级水电站联合调度是发挥流域梯级水库水电站潜力,充分利用水电多发洁净可再生能源,减少化石能源消耗、节能减排的有效措施。国内外流域梯级联合调度实践证明,流域梯级电站实行联合优化调度经济效益可达2~7%,同时能够很好地促进节能减排,因此,流域梯级水电站联合调度是实行节能减排的需要,是我国能源发展战略的重要组成部分。
(1) Joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations is an effective measure for displaying potential of cascade reservoirs and hydropower stations, taking full advantage of hydropower to generate more clean and renewable energy, reducing fossil energy consumption, saving energy and reducing emission. Practices of joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations both home and abroad have proved economic benefits of 2-7%. Meanwhile, it can promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, it is demand of energy conservation and emission reduction to implement joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations. It is also an important part of China's energy development strategy.
(2)流域梯级水电站联合调度是必要的。流域梯级水电联合调度是企业实现发电效益最大化和流域、梯级电站安全防洪度汛的需要;是企业生产计划管理和电力体制改革发展的需要; 是节约企业生产运行成本,改善员工工作环境的需要。
(2) Joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations is necessary. It is demand of achieving maximum generation benefit and flood control for cascade power stations in the drainage. It is the demand of production and planning management and power system development of enterprises. It is demand of saving production and operating costs and improving work environment for the employees.
(3)实施流域梯级联合调度是可行的。目前流域梯级统一调度系统的四个关键子系统—综合自动化系统、水情测报系统、水调自动化系统和通信系统,国内外技术已非常发达,为流域梯级联合调度的实施奠定了设备基础。另外,经过多年的水电开发,各流域水电公司都具有一批高素质的水情、运行、设备维护等专业人员,为开展梯级水电联合调度提供了人才支撑。
(3) Joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations is feasible. The joint dispatching system of cascade hydropower stations has four key subsystems, namely integrated automation system, hydrological forecasting system, water dispatching automation system and communication system. The technology in it is well developed both home and abroad, which sets good foundation equipment for joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations. In addition, after years of hydropower development, the hydropower companies in the drainage areas have a group of high-quality professionals in terms of water level, operation and equipment maintenance, which provides personnel support for joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations.
(1) 帮助四川省经济和信息化委员会出台了田湾河、宝兴河流域实施梯级优化调度试点的决定,试点工作以全面展开。为全省其他河流实施梯级水电站集中控制调度做出示范。
(1) We have helped Economic and Information Technology Commission of Sichuan Province to issue a decision for optimized dispatching pilot points in Tianwan River and Baoxing River drainage areas and the pilot work has been fully developed. It is a model for other rivers in the province to implement centralized control and dispatching of cascade hydropower stations.
(2) 在与四川省电力公司合作开展本课题的基础上,出台了《四川电网流域集控中心并网规定》,它对于四川电网梯级水电集控中心的建设具有指导意义,加快了梯级水电集控中心的投入运行,对四川电网梯级水电站联合优化调度的实施起到了很好的推动作用。
(2) Based on cooperation with the Sichuan Electric Power Company, we have issued Regulations of Sichuan Grid Drainage Centralized Control Center for Network Interconnection. It is full of instructive meaning for construction of Sichuan Grid Control Center for Cascade Hydropower Stations. It speeds up operation of Centralized Control Center for Cascade Hydropower Stations. It also promotes implementation of joint dispatching of cascade hydropower stations in Sichuan grid.
各流域水电公司根据自身梯级特点,采用不同的梯级调度模式。
The hydropower companies should adopt different cascade dispatching model according to their characteristics.
(1)单一开发主体大型流域,可以成立流域集中控制中心,负责全流域电站的联合调度,电网公司向流域集控中心下达调度指令,流域集控中心根据电网的调度指令完成梯级水电站的调度工作。特殊情况下,电网公司(或上级防汛部门)可直接绕开流域集控中心,直接对所辖电站进行调度。
(1) The large drainage areas developed by a single development body may set up centralized control center, which should be responsible for joint dispatching of power stations in the whole basin. The power grid company issues dispatching command to the control center. The control center should complete dispatching of cascade hydropower stations according to instructions. In special circumstances, power grid company (or superior flood control departments) may directly dispatch the administrated power stations instead of through the control center.
(2)单一开发主体的中小流域,成立梯级集控中心,负责梯级水电站的调度与控制,在水电调度过程之中,电网向集控中心下达梯级总负荷曲线,集控中心将总负荷分解到各电站甚至机组,按照负荷分解结果,集控中心完成对梯级各电站的调度控制工作。
The small and medium drainage areas developed by a single development body may set up centralized control center, which should be responsible for dispatching and control of power stations. During dispatching process, the power grid company issues total cascade load curve. The centralized control center should distribute the total load to each power station or even the units. The centralized control center should complete cascade dispatching control according to the load distribution.
(3)多个开发主体的流域,各开发主体分别成立集控中心,向所辖电站下达集控指令,在各集控中心基础上成立流域梯级调度管理委员会,负责整个流域梯级联合调度方案的制定,协调各开发业主间的利益,并与电网调度机构协调沟通,在满足电网安全稳定运行的前提下,充分发挥流域整体经济效益和社会效益。特殊情况下,电网公司(或上级防汛部门)可直接对所辖电站进行调度。
(3)As for the drainage areas developed by multiple development bodies, each development body may set up centralized control center for issuing centralized control command to the administrated power stations. It can also establish cascade dispatching management committee for preparing joint dispatching scheme, coordinating interests of the owners and coordinating and communicating with the grid operators so as to display economic and social benefits of the drainage areas in the precondition of ensuring the security and stability of power grid. In special circumstances, power grid company (or superior flood control departments) may directly dispatch the administrated power stations instead of through the control center.
(4)小水电站群调度模式,推荐采用统一调度分级管理模式,所有并入主网的小水电站受主网统一调度,省电力公司(省掉)对全省并网小水电的调度管理通过各地电业局(地调)实施。省调直接调度地调和少量具有重要作用的小水电站。地调设置电调、水调自动化系统,对辖区内绝大部分并网小水电站直接调度,地调定期将小水电调度信息向省调汇报。地调、县调共同负责所辖行政区域的供电以及电网建设和运行维护。
(4) As for small hydropower stations dispatching model, it is recommended to adopt unified dispatching and classification management model. All small hydropower stations connected to the main network should be under unified dispatching of the main network. The provincial power company (provincial dispatching department) should manage the dispatching of small hydropower stations by the local electric power bureaus (local dispatching department). Provincial dispatching department can directly administrate the local dispatching and a few important small hydropower stations. The local dispatching department has electricity dispatching and water dispatching automation systems for direct dispatching of most small hydropower stations connected to the network in the administrative area. The local dispatching department should submit periodical report of dispatching information of small hydropower stations to provincial dispatching department. The local dispatching department and county dispatching department should be responsible for power supply, power grid construction and operation & maintenance of the administrative areas.
四川省“十二五”节能目标及其分解方法研究
Energy Conservancy Objectives and the Study of Analytical Methods in the 12th Five-year Plan Period in Sichuan Province
中期总结报告
Interim-term Summary Report
到目前为止,项目进展顺利,按期实现了项目计划和工作安排,并超前完成了部分任务。课题组首先对2000年以来四川省的国民经济发展、能源生产和消费状况进行了充分详实的调查,掌握了国民生产总值、经济结构、能源结构的变化情况。同时,对“十一五”节能工作进行了全面系统的回顾,认真总结工作中的做法和经验,提出存在的不足和亟需解决的问题。另外,根据四川省各行业近年来的发展趋势和现状水平,结合国家相关标准和行业发展状况,分析测算了各行业“十二五”期间在技术、结构、管理三个方面的节能潜力。在此基础上,提出了四川省“十二五”期间经济增长水平和节能降耗下降目标的多种方案,并测算不同节能目标方案下的节能总量。最后,利用层次分析法,在不断完善节能目标分解综合评价指标体系的过程中,将“十二五”节能目标科学合理地分解到各地区。
So far, the project has proceeded smoothly. The project plan and work schedule has been completed on time, and some works are accomplished ahead of time. Since 2000, the study team conducted detailed investigations in the economic development, energy production and consumption of Sichuan Province since 2000. Meanwhile, we have carried out a full and systematic review of the energy conservancy work in the 11th Five-year Plan, summarized the practice and experience in the work, and found out the existing weaknesses and the problems to be solved. Also, according to the trend and status of all industries in Sichuan, relevant national standards and industry development, the energy-saving potentials of all industries during the 12th Five-year Plan Period have been assessed technically, structurally and managerially. On this basis, we have put forward a series of proposals for economic growth and energy conservation and consumption reduction objectives during the 12th Five-year Plan Period, and computed the total volumes of energy conservation in different energy conservation proposals. Finally, by means of analytic hierarchy process, we broke down the objectives of energy conservation for the period of 12th Five-year Plan into all areas when we are constantly optimizing the Decomposition and Index Integrated Evaluation System for Energy Conservation Objectives.
对2000年以后四川省国民经济发展和能源生产消费情况进行了详尽的调查,对国民生产总值的增长水平、三次产业结构的变化趋势、能源生产和消费总量的增长、能源供需对比、能源结构变化进行了系统分析。通过分析总结,2000年以来,四川省社会经济快速发展,国民生产总值逐年稳步攀升;与此同时,能源供需矛盾日益明显,能源需求形势愈发严峻,节能减排工作刻不容缓。
Detailed investigation has been carried out for the economic development as well as energy production and consumption after 2000 in Sichuan Province; at the same time, we have analyzed the growth of GDP, tendency of the changes in the three industries, increase in the energy production and consumption, contrast between the energy supply and demand and changes in the energy mix. It is concluded after analysis that the social economy develops very quickly and the GDP keeps rising since 2000. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the energy supply and demand becomes more and more obvious. The supply demand is increasing so quickly that the energy conservation and emission reduction is urgently needed.
对“十一五”期间省委省政府所采取的政策措施以及各企业的技改工作进行了总结,其中政策工作包括落实节能目标责任制、加快淘汰落后产能、严控双高行业不合理增长、规范用能管理以及加快发展循环经济等。在技改方面,水泥、钢铁、建筑陶瓷等行业通过淘汰落后的技术设备,引进先进的生产工艺,其能耗指标在十一五期间有较大提升。
We have summarized the policies and measures adopted by the provincial government as well as the technical transformation work of the enterprises during the 11th Five-year Plan Period, including the accountability system of the energy conservation objectives, phasing out the sluggish production facilities, controlling the unreasonable growth of the highly polluting and environmentally risky industries, standardizing the energy consumption management, speeding up the recycling industries, etc. In terms of technical transformation, industries such as cement, iron and steel, architecture and ceramics, etc. replaced their outdated equipment with new and advanced techniques, as a result, their energy consumption indicators turn for better compared with those in the 11th Five-year Plan Period.
对四川省“十二五”期间依靠技术进步、调整优化结构、加强管理三个方面带来的节能潜力进行了分析测算。技术节能潜力的分析主要根据近年来全省重点产品单耗及产量的变化趋势预测“十二五”期间的单耗水平及目标产量,利用单耗差值和目标产量进行测算。结构节能潜力的分析是冻结当前能源强度,通过调整和优化产业结构进行测算。管理节能潜力主要分析了节能发电调度、合同能源管理、主要耗能设备在加强管理的情况可节约的能源量。分析结果表明,技术、结构、管理三方面都有较大的节能潜力。特别是结构节能,其实际节能效果与产业、行业结构的调整变化幅度有密切关系,在节能工作顺利推进的情况下,将为全省带来非常大的节能空间。
We have analyzed and calculated the energy conservation potential brought about by technical progress, structural optimization and management strengthening. The analysis of energy conservation by technical means mainly is to forecast the unit consumption level and target output of the 12th Five-year Plan Period based on the recent unit consumption of key products and trend of changes in output in the province, and calculate the potential by using the unit consumption differential value and target output. The analysis of structural energy conservation potential is to freeze the current energy intensity and calculate the potential through the optimization of industrial structure. The analysis of managerial energy conservation potential is focused on the saved energy of management is enhanced in the dispatching of energy efficient power generation, contract energy management and main energy consuming equipment. The analytical results show that there is great energy conservation potential technically, structurally and managerially. In terms of structural energy conservation, particularly, the actual energy saving efficiency is intimately related to the extent of changes in the industrial structure. If the energy work is smoothly proceeding, more achievements will be made in the energy conservation work of the entire province.
基于四川省“十二五”节能潜力的分析,采用正向推算和逆向推算两种思维方式,对四川省“十二五”期间的节能目标做了测算。正向测算的结果表明,在GDP年均增速12%的情况下,四川省能够完成的单位GDP能耗下降目标约为16%。同时,运用逆向推算的方法,先假定节能目标,并将相应的累积节能量分解到各行业,进而通过各行业的发展规划来反作用于节能目标,得出四川省“十二五”能够完成的单位GDP能耗下降目标约为15%到16%。
Based on the analysis of the energy conservation potential in the 12th Five-year Plan period in Sichuan Province, we adopt two methods to calculate the energy objectives for the 12th Five-year Plan period by means of positive and reverse calculations. The positive calculation results show that at the growth rate of 12%, Sichuan can achieve the objective of reducing the energy consumption per GDP by 16%. At the same, in case of the reverse calculation, we should assume the energy objectives first, break down the corresponding accumulative energy saving value into all industries, and then exert effects on the energy objectives in through the development planning of all industries to calculate the energy consumption reduction target per GDP for the 12th Five-year Plan of Sichuan Province is 15%-16%.
通过层次分析的思路,建立了节能目标地区分解综合评价体系,并根据国家的相关要求,建立了节能责任、节能能力、节能潜力和节能难度四个二级主题指标。通过层次分析的主观赋权方法分别给各三级指标赋予了一定的权重,根据权重计算出四川省21个地市州二级主题指标的得分排序。同时,通过敏感性分析得出了各二级主题指标在综合评价体系中的权数,并计算出各地市州的综合得分情况。最后再围绕16%这一节能目标,以12%到18%作为分解区间,根据综合得分情况将节能目标分解到各地市州,并运用聚类分析的方法对分解结果进行了验证。
Through the hierarchy analysis, we have established the breakdown and integrated assessment system for energy conservation target areas, and defined four tier-2 subject indicators, accountability, capability, potential and difficulty of energy conservation. In the meantime, through the subjective weight method of hierarchy analysis, we give some weight to all tier-3 indicators and calculate the ranking of the tier-2 indicators of 21 prefectures in Sichuan. Furthermore, through the sensitivity analysis, we have calculated the weight number of all tier-2 key indicators in the integrated assessment system, and calculated the comprehensive scoring of all prefectures. At last, based on the energy conservation objective of 16%, we break down the objectives to all prefectures as per the scoring with 12%-18% as the breakdown range, and verified the breakdown results by the cluster analysis method.
已对四川省国民经济发展及能源生产消费状况的调查分析、“十一五”节能工作回顾总结、“十二五”节能潜力分析、节能目标研究及节能目标的地区分解五个方面的研究成果进行了整理,并初步完成了《四川省“十二五”节能目标及其分解方法研究》报告的第一、二、三、四、六部分文稿的编写。
We have reorganized the investigation and analysis of the economic development as well as energy production and consumption in Sichuan, the review and summarization of the energy conservation work in the 11th Five-year Plan Period, potential analysis for the 12th Five-year Plan Period, study of energy conservation study as well as the breakdown of areas for energy conservation objectives. We have complied Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the Study Report of the Energy Conservation Objectives and Breakdown Methods in the Period of 12th Five-year Plan Period in Sichuan Province.
在认真分析行业发展趋势的基础上,结合目前节能目标地区分解方法的实际探索,参照传统行业结构变化和技术进步分解方法,将四川省“十二五”节能目标总量及单位生产总值能耗等指标分解到省内主要行业及部门。
On the basis of carefully analyzing the tendency of industrial development, we break down the total energy conservation objectives, energy consumption per GDP and other indicators for the 12th Five-year Plan Period into the main industries or sectors of the Province in accordance with the actual practice of the methods of breaking down the target areas, the changes in the conventional industrial structure and technical progress.
结合相关规划报告,提出全省“十二五”期间的节能重点领域和工程,包括冶金、化工、电力、建材、煤炭、轻纺等重点行业节能,及以燃煤工业锅炉(窑炉)改造工程、余热余压利用工程、电机系统节能工程、区域热电联产工程、能量系统优化工程、节能监测和技术服务体系建设工程为代表的重点工程节能。同时,抓好四川省39户国家“千家企业节能行动”企业和200户“全省百户企业节能行动”企业以及年均综合能耗5000吨标准煤以上的重点用能单位的节能降耗工作的重点企业节能。最后,提出这些重点工程的节能途径及措施,通过技术、结构、管理等一系列节能办法保证节能工作的顺利推进。
Based on relevant planning and reports, we have defined Sichuan’s key fields and projects for energy conservation in the period of the 12th Five-year Plan, including energy conservation projects in the key industries like metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power, building materials, coal, light textile, etc. and key conservation projects represented by coal-fired industrial boiler (kiln) transformation project, waste heat and pressure utilization project, motor system energy conversation project, regional thermal power combined production project, energy system optimization project, energy conservation monitoring and technical service system project. At the same time, we will go all lengths to ensure the energy conservation work goes smoothly among the 39 Sichuan companies in the campaign of “one thousand enterprises of energy conservation”, 200 companies of “100-company conservation initiative” and major energy users that consume more than 5000 tons of standard coal annually. Finally, we have worked out the solutions to energy conservation of these key projects, and ensure the energy conservation work can be carried out as scheduled through a series of technical, structural and managerial measures.
在前述研究的基础上,立足于四川省的实际情况,提出合理的、切实可行的政策措施建议,确保“十二五”节能目标顺利完成。结合“十一五”节能工作的经验,“十二五”期间应继续加强节能宣传,提高全民节能意识,积极推动产业结构调整,转变经济增长模式,发展循环经济。另外,要充分调动一切行政资源,建立有效的财税激励政策,建立能效准入制度和落后产能退出机制。鉴于目前能源统计监测体系不够完善的实际情况,“十二五”期间要特别重视加强节能监管和服务体系建设工作,加强能源计量和统计基础工作。
On the basis of the aforesaid study, we have brought about reasonable and feasible suggestions to ensure to accomplish the objectives in the 12th Five-year Plan Period based on the actual situation of Sichuan Province. With our experience in the 11th Five-year Plan Period, we should continue to enhance our publicity of energy conservation during the 12th Five-year Plan Period, raise people’s awareness of saving energy, actively promote the industrial structural optimization, shift the economic growth modes and developing the recycling economy. Moreover, we should take advantage if all administrative resources, establish effective tax stimulation policy and set up an energy admission system and a backwardness retreating system. In view that the existing energy statistics and monitoring system is not improved, we should pay special attention to the construction of energy conservation monitoring and service system and intensify the fundamental energy metering and statistics.
继续编写上述三部分报告内容,并对之前的文稿进行修改和完善,最终完成《四川省“十二五”节能目标及其分解方法研究》报告,待专家组审查验收。
We will continue to compile the aforesaid three parts of the report, and amend the previous draft to finalize the Study Report of the Energy Conservation Objectives and Breakdown Methods in the Period of 12th Five-year Plan Period in Sichuan Province and deliver to the expert panel for review and acceptance.
室外给排水设计说明 DesignSpecificationonOutdoorWaterSupplyDrainage ( 一 ). 设计依据 DesignBasis 1. 建设单位提供的本工程用地红线附近的给水、污水及雨水管道情况。...
我们接受委托,对拟设立成都 XX 建筑装饰有限责任公司截至于 1999 年 9 月 9 日止的实收资本及相关的资产和负债的真实性和合法性进行了审验。在审验过程...
一 项目背景 I. BackgroundoftheProject 四川省是国家确定的节能发电调度五个试点省之一。水电调度在节能发电调度中具有重要作用。四川省水电资源丰富,大小...
申请附件 : ApplicationAttachments: (一) 申请书; (1)Application (二)经各方投资者法定代表人或其授权代表签署的合资(合作)合同及企业章程修改文书原件...
中新网西安 11 月 23 日电(记者阿琳娜)记者 23 日从西安国际港务区获悉,截至目前, 2022 年中欧班列长安号开行量达到 4067 列,运送货物总重达 368.2 万吨...
记者从文化和旅游部获悉,北京时间 11 月 29 日晚,我国申报的“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”在摩洛哥拉巴特召开的联合国教科文组织保护非物质文...